DENTAL ASPECTS OF UNDIFFERENTIATED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM. REVIEW
Keywords:
undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, UCTD, children, young adults, dental caries, periodontal diseases, biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinases, dentofacial anomalies, cranio-postural disordersAbstract
Introduction. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) is a common, polygenic, multifactorial condition characterized by impaired synthesis and remodeling of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, resulting in a multisystem phenotype and increased susceptibility to dental diseases. However, unified approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and clinical management of dental patients with UCTD remain insufficiently defined.Objective. To systematize current national and international evidence on dental manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in children and young adults, and to summarize contemporary diagnostic and preventive strategies for managing this patient population.Materials and Methods. A narrative-analytical literature review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Ukrainian scientific repositories. Publications from 2010 to 2025 were selected based on topical relevance, availability of clinical or experimental data, and methodological quality.Results and Discussion. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia is associated with a high prevalence and intensity of dental caries, non-carious lesions, periodontal diseases, and dentofacial anomalies and deformities. Morphological studies reveal a reduced proportion of mature type I collagen and a decrease in mineral density of the alveolar process. A key role has been identified for the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP), as well as the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and RANKL/OPG-dependent mechanisms, in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Orthodontic treatment of patients with UCTD requires mandatory assessment of cranio-postural status, the application of light forces, careful torque control, and limitation of incisor proclination and dental arch expansion under cone-beam computed tomography guidance. Preventive programs should be based on early screening for UCTD, intensive individualized oral hygiene, correction of vitamin D and trace element deficiencies, and regular periodontal monitoring. Conclusions. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) is a significant systemic factor that substantially influences the progression of dental diseases. The available evidence substantiates the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the implementation of personalized dental protocols for patients with UCTD. A promising direction for further research is the evaluation of the effectiveness and clinical implementation of specially adapted strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dental diseases using biomarkers and digital diagnostic technologies.
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