COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SOLUTIONS ON DENTIN IN DIFFERENT ANATOMICAL ZONES OF THE ROOT CANAL

Abstract

Introduction. The relevance of this study stems from the need to enhance the efficacy and safety of endodontic treatment through the improvement of irrigation systems that simultaneously ensure deep disinfection, preservation of dentin microstructure, and stability of adhesive bonding. Modern approaches focused on biocompatibility are of particular importance, specifically the Continuous Chelation concept, which involves gentle chelating action and minimization of erosive damage. The aim of this study is to provide scientific substantiation and comparative analysis of the effect of various irrigation agents on the morphological structure, physicochemical properties, and adhesive potential of dentin in different anatomical zones of the root canal, as well as to determine optimal parameters for their application to improve the efficacy and biocompatibility of endodontic treatment. The methodology is based on a retrospective analysis of data on morphological and biophysical parameters, as well as microstructural analysis, assessment of microhardness, permeability, and qualitative changes in dentin following the action of irrigation systems, including conventional and continuous chelation protocols, as reported in the available scientific literature. The study results demonstrated that the effectiveness of root canal cleaning is determined by a balanced combination of the chemical activity of irrigation agents and their mode of activation. It has been proven that the combined application of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or biocompatible chelators such as etidronic acid provides a high level of cleaning with minimal structural changes to dentin. The conclusions confirm that optimization of irrigation protocols should account for the anatomical zonality of the root canal, morphological sensitivity of dentin, and selection of chelators with a predictable action profile. A promising direction is the application of Continuous Chelation, which promotes maintenance of the micromechanical integrity of dentin and enhances the long-term seal of endodontic obturation.