IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF FORMING BALL DRIVING SKILLS WITH SPEED CHANGES IN GAME ACTIVITIES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF BASKETBALL AND FOOTBALL)

Abstract

The article presents the results of a theoretical-methodological and experimental study aimed at improving the process of developing dribbling skills with variable speed in game activities, using basketball and football as examples. The relevance of the topic is driven by the increasing demands on athletes’ technical and tactical preparation in modern sports, where the ability to quickly adapt to changing game situations is a key factor of effectiveness. The analysis of scientific sources highlights the main approaches to skill development in football and basketball, particularly in terms of tempo variability. The shortcomings of traditional methods were identified, including insufficient variability of exercises, lack of game simulation, and limited adaptation to real competitive conditions. The study involved 60 young athletes aged 13–15, divided into control and experimental groups. During the formative experiment, a set of specially designed exercises was introduced, aimed at developing the ability to adjust dribbling speed in response to changing external conditions. The training tasks included simulation drills, exercises with sudden signal changes, spatial orientation activities, and sensorimotor response development. The results of the post-test showed a significant improvement in the accuracy, stability, and tempo adaptability of dribbling in the experimental groups compared to the control groups. Additionally, positive dynamics were observed in sensorimotor response speed, increased effectiveness in game situations, and a reduction in ball losses. The findings confirm the effectiveness of combining technical, coordination, and cognitive components in the process of skill acquisition. Based on the results, methodological recommendations for coaches and physical education instructors were formulated. Prospects for further research include the individualization of training processes, expanding the age range of participants, and integrating digital technologies into the system of monitoring and feedback.